Tag archives for science

A Preliminary Treatise on the Style of the Swedish Male

A report filed from the field

The Swedish male, while obviously related to others of its type, looks very different than other nationalities’ specimens. Generally speaking, the species might be described as taller, thinner, and blonder than those found in other parts of the world. Its physical dimensions are, however, only one factor that distinguishes the Swedish male from its foreign counterparts.

As with many other species, the Swedish male clothes itself in such a way as to send signals to its community. Clothing may indicate status, a particular in-group identity, even professional aspirations. It may also play an important role in attracting and securing a mate.

Men's jeans from J. Lindeberg. Baseline fit? Tight. Photos: J. Lindeberg's web shop

The clothing of the Swedish male fluctuates seasonally, increasing in bulk during winter months and decreasing during summer months, following a prolonged shedding period in the spring. During spring and summer months, a male may be found in red pants or shirts the color of Easter eggs. Shorts may assume any length, from “I-can-see-your-thighs” short, to a comfort zone above and below the knee, to the mid-shin man-capris.

A few constants endure throughout the year, however, including a proclivity for snugly fitting pants, V-neck shirts, and cardigans. The Swedish male clearly finds it important to accessorize himself, as necklaces, bracelets, and man-purses are common. More permanent decoration in the form of tattoos is also not uncommon.

Standard male accessories: the leather pouch necklace that is too small to carry anything and the man purse. Pouch by nn07, bag by Acne

As the Swedish male ages, it accrues various symbols of its wisdom and experience. Distinctive eyewear is a key component in signaling to others one’s age and prestige. Depending on individual preferences, signs of physical aging may be mitigated by chemical interventions (such as hair dye or anti-wrinkle cream) or cultivated as further proof of one’s gravitas.

The most distinctive element of the Swedish male’s appearance, however, is the specimen’s hair style. While the style itself might vary from individual to individual, the crucial factor is that it is styled. The hair of the Swedish male is parted, sculpted, shaped, and waxed, held into place by product. Grooming processes are in place. Leave-in conditioners may be used. Time is spent considering the most advantageous placement of part lines.

A bevy of male hair styles. All photos from H&M's web shop.

In many parts of the world, such attention to form rather than function would indicate an undesirable lack of masculinity. Here, however, it is simply a way of life.

Check out Sweden.se’s fashion blog for more.

Friday evening’s climate impacts

foam-sweets

One of the latest contributions to the Swedish language is the word “fredagsmys” (meaning something like Friday.. eh… cosiness). It’s simply the act of cuddling up in a sofa after a hard week, taking it easy, maybe watching tv, but above all stuffing oneself with sweets and snacks.

Nothing to be annoyed by from a sustainability point of view, one might think. Friday “cosers” at least aren’t flying off on weekend trips to New York. But now a new report (full version in English) commissioned by the Swedish Food Administration and conducted by the Swedish Institute for Food and Biotechnology shows that this innocent pleasure does in fact cause more environmental harm than most of us had suspected.

The study has made life-cycle analysis of crisps, sweets and soft drinks produced in Sweden and consumed in the Scandinavian capitals. And the results show that sweets and crisps have a climate effect which is actually larger than for apples, milk and bread. For example one kilo of crisps cause emissions of 2,2 kilos of greenhouse gases, which is 20 times more than for one kilo of potatoes. Sweets are even worse : one bag of foam sweets means more emissions than one helping of pork!

The Swedish consumption of sweets, crisps and soft drinks cause about half a million tons of greenhouse gases, which represents 2,6 percent of the food consumption’s climate impact in Sweden.
- This might not seem so much, but considering that soft drinks and sweets are “empty calories” it is an unnecessary contribution to climate change , says Anna-Karin Johansson from the Swedish Food Administration.

Swedes now drink four times more soft drinks and eat twice as much sweets as in the 1960:s (an average of almost 88 liters of soft drinks and more than 15 kilos of chocolate per person and year)… so there are’nt only environmental reasons to make Friday traditions a bit greener.

But to be honest it’s hard to imagine a radical change here. What kind of Friday indulgence would a carrot be? For a middle way let me propose one of my personal favourites: the homemade Swedish classic Kladdkaka (“Sticky cake”). Not exactly full of fibers and vitamins, but easy to make, chocolaty and… wonderful.

kladdkaka

KLADDKAKA

100 g melted butter
2 eggs
250 g sugar
2 tsp vanilla sugar
4 tbs cocoa powder
60 g wheatflour

Mix all the ingredients well and spread the mixture in a baking tin (preferably covered with oven paper, since this cake sticks easily) and bake in a 175 degree oven for 30-35 minutes.
Serve with whipped cream, ice cream or on its own.

 

 

Leaves that soothe the nerves

pathway-in-birch-forest

Photo: Kenny Lex/Flickr.

Broadleaved trees (such as birch, maple and aspen, in contrast to the more narrowleaved pines or “Christmas tree” spruces) make us less stressed. That is the conclusion of a study made at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU.

3000 randomly chosen persons were asked questions about their recreation habits and how much stress they experience in their lives. Those who live close to or spend much time taking walks in these kinds of forests answered that they felt less stressed out than those who live their lives far away from these forests.

Earlier studies by SLU have showed that being in environments with large broadlevaed trees has a good effect on people’s blood pressure and pulse. The scientists mean that this knowledge can be used when planning new urban areas.

It might sound a bit fuzzy to be science, but personally I’m not very suprised. I don’t think there is anything that makes me as relaxed as the sound of the wind going through a maple-tree. Or the shivering sound of aspen tree leaves moving in the evening breeze.

Who is environment friendly?

recycling-station
A sure sign of eco-friendly living?

Once again to the recycling station. Tins in the metal department, cardboard boxes among the paper packages and plastic into another box. Walking away I am both relieved of my rubbish and having a slightly better environmental conscience. But is it really that easy?

A thesis that stuck

As a journalist you get to read (or at least scan through the summaries of) a lot of scientific studies. Some incomprehensible, some very interesting, and some which actually makes you continue thinking even after leaving work. Karin Bradley at the Royal Institute of Technology, KTH, has written a thesis about what we perceive as being eco-friendly living. This thesis definitely belongs to the last category.
She shows that our notion about who is environmentally friendly and who’s not often has more to do with standards and cultural believes than actual facts. For example people who spend a lot of time in the nature are easier perceived as caring for the environment than others, although they might alternate those forest walks with shopping weekends on the other side of the Globe.

Status and economic assets 

What Karin Bradley saw in her studies is that this also has a lot to do with economic assets and social status. She found many persons living in the poorer suburbs who felt they couldn’t live up to the demands on living environmentally friendly when it came to recycling and buying the right products. At the same time they were living in flats, didn’t consume a lot and used public transports. In that way they actually contributed a lot less to global warming than somebody living in a large house, making faraway holidays and owning a car – although this person might spend all his time sorting his trash and eating organic food.

Still important

Not that these are insignificant measures, Karin Bradley underlines. This must be done too, but we should be careful not to get stuck in symbolic actions, preventing us from confronting more difficult questions about how society would have to change in a more profound way to become sustainable.

My thoughts go on. Maybe I do have the right to feel a bit good about my recycling. But shouldn’t we take a step further up the chain and start asking ourselves why all these packages are there in the first place?
In that way it wouldn’t be so much of a personal virtue getting rid of your trash.

(More about the research project that Karin Bradley is working with here)

Scientists speak their minds

Royal-Swedish-Academy-of-Sciences
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Photo: Helena Ledmyr/KVA

Science has traditionally been rather separated from the discussion about how society should act. When it comes to global warming this seems to be changing.
Today the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences holds an energy symposium. It has a very clear message to the governments of the world: The use of fossil fuels must stop.

“Five to twelve”

One of the professors of the Academy, Sven Kullander, describes the situation for adjusting our energy systems as ”Five to twelve”.
The way our burning of fossil fuels contributes to global warming is just one of the reasons why we should replace them with sustainable energy systems, he says to the Swedish radio. Another reason is that fossil fuels are a limited resource that we will eventually run out of.
The scientists also ask politicians to change the economy to an ecological one, which makes it more expensive to cause emissions and to use limited resources.

Will go to Copenhagen

This call will now be sent to academies of sciences in other countries before it reaches global decision makers at the big conference on climate change on Copenhagen in December.
In the radio interview Sven Kullander says he sees no problems with the fact that scientists now start to put pressure on the political discussions about how the world should deal with emissions.
– If we want to be able to switch over to a sustainable energy system in the short time we have, we think that it is necessary to have a much more direct communication between scientists and politicians, he says.

Celebrating a day of ridesharing


Catching a cycle taxi in Kenya. Photo provided by Jessica Karlsson/Skjutsgruppen.

Tomorrow Sweden celebrates its first Ridesharing day. Behind the day is the organization Skjutsgruppen (“The lift group”), which has gathered more than 5000 members on Facebook. On the Facebook group page the members offer each other a lift if they are going somewhere and have space left. The members seem very active and dedicated – one of them has even composed a song for all public transport users. Listen to it here (in Swedish).

“The ridesharing day is a day when we celebrate ridesharing and all its advantages. No matter how we transport ourselves this day we will do it together: making benefits for both the environment and the wallet – and because it’s really fun. Mode of transport is up to you; celebrate by going by car, cycle, air balloon or by wonderful collective means such as train or bus”, the Lift group writes.

On Saturday I’ll be busy organizing a big climate forum here in Stockholm, where more than 30 organisations will hold seminars, workshops and debates. So ironically enough it seems like on this particular day I will have to leave my bike at home and join a car full of equipment for the forum. But hopefully I won’t see any cars on the streets carrying just one lonely driver…

Scientists reveal the planetary boundaries

planetary-boundaries

Illustration: Nature.

Talking about sustainability is seldom a very precise thing. When it comes to curbing  greenhouse gases, for example, percentages often come out of negotiations between different interests instead of what is actually needed. But now 28 internationally renowned scientists, led by Swedish scientist Johan Rockström from Stockholm Environment Institute and Stockholm Resilience Centre have calculated how big our elbow room actually is, if we want to avoid causing catastrophic environmental change.

Not hopeless

Earth has been in a relatively stable state during the last 10 000 years, giving humanity a possibility to develop and thrive. But if we want to stay in this stable state there are boundaries that we shouldn’t pass, the scientific group says.
They call it “planetary boundaries” and recently a feature about this was published in Nature. There the scientists explain that if one boundary is transgressed, then safe levels for other processes could also be under serious risk.
But, they also point out, there is hope. If we respect these boundaries we have a bright future for centuries ahead.

Already outside the circle

Look at the picture above again. The green circle represents the safe operating space for humanity, that is where we should be. The red wedges show were we actually are, already having exceeded the limits in three areas: the rate of biodiversity loss, climate change and human interference with the nitrogen cycle.

Science comes out of its box at Tällberg

The forum tent at Tällberg.
The forum tent at Tällberg.

Now the Tällberg Forum is in full swing. Today I have been sitting in a tent on a hill overlooking the beautiful lake Siljan listening to a group of scientists talking about the ecological and climate crisis that the world is now facing.
One of the scientists on the stage was Johan Rockström, executive director of Stockholm Environment Institute. He spoke of how 2 400 global environmental scientists met in Copenhagen in March to gather the latest science. There was no comforting news. Sea levels are rising more rapidly than expected. Global temperatures are following the worst-case-scenario of the UN climate panel IPCC.
 –  We are on a pathway to six degrees of warming, and a six degrees world does not sustain civilization as we know it today, he said.

The “Frodos” of our times

But according to Rockström the gap between what scientists say needs to be done and what is seen as politically possible is just diverging more and more. Therefore, he concluded, scientists need to come out of their laboratories and step out into the “real” world. He even compared the world scientist community with Frodo, the bearer of the ring in J. R. R. Tolkien’s book Lord of the Rings.
The Ring, in this case, is the knowledge about the planet’s boundaries. A tremendous weight to carry, Rockström says, which science is sometimes hesitating to communicate since the message is getting more and more serious.
But now is the time for science to come out of its box, he said, urging scientists to take their responsibility, remove the ring and become visible for everyone.

Watch the forum live.

Rockstrom-speaks
Johan Rockström speaks about planetary boundaries. Photo: David Jonstad.